Frequently Asked Questions

 AGE & FEMALE FERTILITY

  • Once eggs are retrieved and frozen in a specialist lab, they can no longer age. However, as you get older, the remaining eggs in your ovary will decline in number and in quality, thereby reducing your chances of having a baby conceived naturally.

    Freezing your eggs can thus preserve your fertility for the future. The age you are when you freeze your eggs is the age those eggs will be when you choose to use them.

    This means that if you decide to use your frozen eggs several years later, your chances of achieving a successful pregnancy will be very similar to those you would have had at the time your eggs were frozen.

  • Yes, the quality and quantity of eggs declines over the course of your life. Women are born with all the eggs and the quantity is declining over time. More here

  • Your egg count refers to the number of follicles, or potential eggs, left in your ovaries. While women are born with 1 to 2 million egg follicles, they lose over 1,000 eggs per month until menopause, with this rate accelerating after age 35. A low egg count can result in infertility and may impact the success of egg freezing or in vitro fertilisation treatments.

  • Yes, there are methods to estimate your remaining egg count. A common approach is through blood tests that measure levels of hormones such as Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH). An ultrasound can also be used to count the number of antral follicles in the ovaries. These tests can provide a good indication of your ovarian reserve, or the number of potential eggs you have left.

  • Egg quality indicates whether an egg is genetically normal (euploid) or abnormal (aneuploid). As women age, their eggs are more susceptible to DNA errors. Abnormal eggs cannot fertilize and develop properly, leading to infertility, miscarriage, or genetic disorders like Down syndrome. Egg quality is the most crucial factor influencing fertility.

    There is no direct test for egg quality, but it declines with age, so your age is a good proxy for how many normal eggs you may have.

  • Women are born with a fixed number of eggs, and their quality naturally declines with age. While there are lifestyle changes and medical interventions that may support overall reproductive health, there are no guaranteed methods to increase the actual number of eggs or reverse age-related decline in egg quality. Additionally, there is currently no definitive test for assessing egg quality outside of indirect measures such as ovarian reserve testing and genetic screening of embryos.

  • Fertility begins to decline at age 30 and significantly drops after 35. Therefore, the ideal age to freeze your eggs is in your late twenties / thirty. However, freezing eggs after the age of thirty-five is also a good option to preserve fertility if you plan to start a family in the future.

  • This test can be performed at all fertility clinics as well as by your gynaecologist. In Slovakia, AMH testing is covered by insurance and is included as part of your annual check-up, after the age of thirty.

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EGG FREEZING

  • Egg freezing is a technique that allows women to preserve their fertility for social or medical reasons. This method yields the highest egg count when performed on women with higher AMH levels. While it remains a viable option for older women, multiple procedures may be necessary to achieve optimal results.

  • Women opt for fertility preservation for social or medical reasons. On the personal side, they might want kids in the future but find it impractical due to education, lack of a partner, caregiving duties, financial constraints, or career goals.

    On the medical front, conditions like cancer treatment, premature ovarian insufficiency, genetic disorders, endometriosis, or ovarian surgery might prompt the need for fertility preservation. Before undergoing treatment for these medical issues, women might consider taking steps to preserve their fertility as a precautionary measure.

  • The egg freezing procedure preserves eggs that would typically be lost during each menstrual cycle. Hormonal medications can stimulate the growth of multiple eggs, which are then frozen for future use, contrasting with the typical production of only one egg per cycle.

    This option only preserves your fertility, and studies indicate that egg freezing does not diminish the likelihood of a future natural pregnancy nor deplete the remaining ovarian reserve.

  • There is a small risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Most cases are mild, but rarely the condition is severe and can lead to serious illness.

  • Your frozen eggs can usually be stored for many years, and sometimes even indefinitely! As long as they're properly stored, they can stay healthy for quite a while. This means you can hold onto your fertility options for as long as you need, until you're ready to use them for treatments like IVF.

  • Yes, fertility clinics or specialized agencies experienced in handling cryopreserved materials can assist with the logistics and necessary documentation for the safe transportation of frozen eggs across borders.

  • If you want to use your frozen eggs, they’ll be thawed and fertilized with partner or donor sperm using in vitro fertilization (IVF).

  • It varies based on multiple factors, with age being the most critical. Your age at the time of freezing is the most reliable predictor of the number of genetically normal eggs. While there's no specific number guaranteeing a future pregnancy, the generally recommended approach is to freeze around 20 eggs for optimal chances.

  • You have two choices. If you choose not to keep storing your frozen eggs, they will be removed from the liquid nitrogen and lose their viability. Eggs are cells that naturally leave your body during your menstrual cycle. Alternatively, you can donate your eggs to individuals who are unable to have children. In Slovakia, this process requires the woman to be younger than 35 years old and undergo a genetic test.

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PROCEDURE & RECOVERY

  • Egg freezing process typically consists 8–11 days of hormone injections to stimulate your ovaries to produce multiple eggs in one menstrual cycle, instead of the single egg they would typically produce. During this period, you’ll have 5–7 short “monitoring” visits where the clinic assesses your progress and possibly makes adjustments to your medication or schedule.

    Finally, there’s a 15-minute surgical procedure performed under mild anaesthesia to retrieve the eggs from your ovaries. This whole process, from the beginning of the injections through to the retrieval, is called a “cycle.”

  • This depends on how sensitive you are. Injecting the medication is generally not painful for most of patients. The needles are very thin and you inject them into the fatty tissue around your belly button.

    Some women feel bloated and crampy while taking the medication, but those side effects will stop after egg collection. The transvaginal ultrasound exams used during egg freezing aren’t painful, but they can be a little uncomfortable.

    During egg retrieval you will be under sedation and therefore won’t feel anything. You may experience some pain when you wake up, like a little soreness or some abdominal cramping.

  • It's best to plan to take the day off work on the day of your retrieval procedure, so you can rest afterward. You may experience some vaginal soreness and cramping for a few days, but typically, you can return to your normal routine by the following day.

  • During the freezing process, you'll need to steer clear of intense exercise, drug use, alcohol, and sex. This is important because you may stop taking birth control and the hormone injections can increase your fertility. Your clinic will provide more details on any additional restrictions. Besides those, you can carry on with your daily life as usual! On the day of your egg retrieval, and possibly the day after, it's a good idea to take time off work or school. However, some women feel well enough to resume their normal activities right away.

  • If you have a regular period can expect to get her next period at the same time she would have during a normal cycle, 28–30 days after her previous period began.